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151	Biology	ABS-570
HISTOPATHOLOGY of TESTIS in MALE MICE (Mus musculus albinus) POST GIVEN THE AQUEOUS LEAVES EXTRACT of NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Elsa Lisanti1, Dondin Sajuthi2, Muhammad Agil3, R Iis Arifiantini3, Adi Winarto3, Arwin4 1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia 2 Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Dramaga Bogor 16680, Indonesia) E-mail : sajuthi[at]indo.net.di 3 Departement Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Dramaga Bogor 16680, Indonesia 4 Center Isotopes Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia. Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49 Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Abstract Neem (family Meliaceae) is non-leguminous multipurpose plant has antispermatogenic effect in animals and male men. Objectives: this research to assess and evaluate the effect of aqueous leaves extract of neem on the development of spermatogenic cell of male mice. Methods: Male mice were divided into five groups. Group I as control (C1-1) with the absence of treatment. Group II and III were orally treated by aqueous leaves extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg bw for 36 days. Group IV and V were treated by administering aqueous leaves extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg BW for 36 days followed with another 36 days with no treatment. Results: neem leaves extracts to cause decrease of spermatogenic cell (spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid) (p<0.05). Observation of testicular histology in treated mice showed degenerative changes that are not homogeneous in the seminiferous tubules. Tubular mice treated showed loss of the germinal epithelium, and reduction in the number of germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid) in the testes of treated mice. After 36 days of stopped of treatment, the number of germ cells had not recovered as control (p <0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that the aqueous extract of neem leaves is irreversible to testicular histopathology and decreases the development of spermatogenic cells in male mice. Keywords: Aqueous; Leaves; Mice; Neem; Testis PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elsa Lisanti)

152	Biology	ABS-61
COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE OF BIVALVES IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE KARANG PAPAK COASTAL, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA: BASED ON LUNAR PHASE Epa Paujiah (a*), Tri Cahyanto (b), Imas Sariningsih (b), Meti Maspupah (a) a) Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Jl. Soekarno-Hatta, No. 749, Cimincrang, Gede Bage, Bandung (Kampus II) b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung Jl. AH. Nasuiton, No. 105, Cibiru, Bandung *epapaujiah[at]uinsgd.ac.id Abstract Bivalves provide a range of ecosystem services such as turbidity reduction, denitrification induction, and habitat complexity provision. This study aimed to assess the composition and abundance of Bivalves in the intertidal areas of Karang Papak Coastal, West Java, Indonesia as well as analyze its diffeerent based on lunar phase. Three (50-m long) transects with five 1x1-m quadrant plots in each transect line of each research station were established seawards perpendicular to the coast line. The bivalves were composed of one famili (Mytilidae), two genera and two species of which Mya arenaria had the highest density and distribution every time of lunar phase which indicating their ability to adjust with the tide fluctuation every lunar phase conditios. Keywords: Abundance, Bivalves, Intertidal zone, Karang Papak, Lunar Phase PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Epa Paujiah)

153	Biology	ABS-574
Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia in Banjar Kertabuana, Desa Tianyar Barat, Kabupaten Karangasem Luh Gede Pradnyawati Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences of Warmadewa University Abstract Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in the human body. At least allantonin causes the human body susceptible to hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia can cause gout arthritis. According to Bali Province Basic Health Research in 2013, Karangasem Regency occupies the first position of prevalence of arthritis incidence in Bali Province. Puskesmas Kubu 2 occupies the fourth position of arthritis incident in Karangasem and most patients from Kertabuana Sub District. This study aims to determine the risk factors of hyperuricemia occurrence in people aged over 24 years in Banjar Kertabuana. The method used cross sectional with Systematic Random Sampling technique. The instruments of this study were questionnaires, measurements of uric acid, and calculation of Body Mass Index. Data were analyzed by Chi Square bivariate test and multivariate test of Binary Logistic Regression with Backward Conditional method. The result was 102 (60%) respondents had hyperuricemia and 68 (40%) of respondents did not have hyperuricemia. Chi Square test showed that age, sex, family history, high purine consumption pattern, alcohol consumption, obesity were hyperuricemia risk factor and significant (p <0,005). Multivariate analysis with Binary Logistic Regression Test, high purine consumption pattern was risk factor with highest OR (odd ratio) of 12,179 (95% CI: 4,978-29,798) and family history did not pass multivariate test with p equal to 0,104. This study is expected to be used as a guidance counseling to the community to prevent the incidence of hyperuricemia and provide scientific information to researchers about risk factors that affect the incidence of hyperuricemia. Keywords: Hyperuricemia, risk factor hyperuricemia PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Luh Gede Pradnyawati)

154	Biology	ABS-575
Malondialdehyde (MDA) of Spermatozoa Levels in Mice (Mus musculus albinus) with Giving Extracts of Water Seed and Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Elsa Lisanti1, Dondin Sajuthi2, Muhammad Agil3, R Iis Arifiantini3, Adi Winarto3, Arwin4 1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia 2 Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Dramaga Bogor 16680, Indonesia) E-mail : sajuthi[at]indo.net.di 3 Departement Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Dramaga Bogor 16680, Indonesia 4 Center Application Isotopes and Radiation (CAIR), National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49 South Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Neem is a herbal plant that can be used as male contraceptive, by preventing the penetration of spermatozoa in the process of in vitro fertilization. However, the mineral content found in the seeds and leaves of neem can induce oxidative stress in mice, characterized by increased lipid peroxidation potential in the spermatozoa. This study aimed to evaluate the malondialdehyde levels of spermatozoa were epidydimal in mice. To calculate MDA levels in spermatozoa a standard thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method is used. The first group was plot as a control. The four groups were orally treated by neem leaves (two groups) and seeds extract (two groups) in 0.5 mL/mouse/day at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg bw each for 36 days then were sacrificed. The other four groups were treated same as those in the previous four groups and sacrificed at 36 days post last treatment. Data were analyzed by randomized completely design (RCD) in the test differ of 5%. The results showed that the administration of seed and leaves of water extract of neem did not reduce the MDA levels of sperm mice. The conclusion that the mineral content of neem extracts (seeds and leaves) are safe to use. Keywords: Seeds, leaves, MDA, mice, neem, spermatozoa PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elsa Lisanti)

155	Biology	ABS-320
Detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli in Contaminated Milk Sample using Real Time PCR Method M Nurjayadi (a*), U R Efrianti (a), N Azizah (a), F Kurniadewi (a), V Saamia (b), I M Wiranatha (b), L Nastassya (c) (a) Department of Chemistry, Mathematics and Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia (b) Pusat Laboratorium Forensik Badan Reserse Kriminal Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, Indonesia (c) Balai Besar Uji Standar Karantina Pertanian, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Salmonella and Escherichia coli are the bacteria the most common cause of food-borne illness. The aim of the study was to detection S. typhimurium and E. coli by Real Time PCR from milk samples. Gene targeted of S. typhimurium was pef and the E. coli gene targeted was fimC. Confirmation test of all primers in contaminated milk with S. typhimurium and E. coli gave different cycle threshold (Ct) value in range 12-13. The detection limit for S. typhimurium with primer pef was in 7,92 pg/μL and detection limit for E. coli with primer fimC in 7,12 pg/μL. Each primer produces distinctive melting peak. The melting peak curve S. typhimurium with pef primer is 84,17 oC. The melting peak curve E. coli with fimC primer is 79,97 oC. Based on the result of this study; all the primers were successfully applied in detecting S. typhimurium and E. coli bacteria in the milk sample quickly, sensitive and specific as well as can determine the number of bacteria accurately. Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Milk Sample, Real Time PCR PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

156	Biology	ABS-577
EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIA PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACTS OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) ON MICE Elsa Lisanti1, Arwin2 1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia 2 Center Application Isotopes and Radiation (CAIR), National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49 Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Abstract Introduction : The present study was carried out to evaluate of antihyperglycemia properties of ethanolic leaves and seed extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on glucose level and body weight on mice induced alloxan. Methods : This experimental research uses DDY mice from BPOM Jakarta. The extract was tested on diabetic DDY mice induced by alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg bw intraperitoneal. There were 9 groups of treatment and 3 replications. Doses used for treating these mice were A. Normal mice + Aquadest (control), B. Diabetic mice + Aquadest, C. Diabetic mice + Glibenclamide, D. Diabetic mice + leaves extract of neem with doses 0,25 g/kg bw, E. Diabetic mice + leaves extract of neem with doses 0,50 g/kg bw, F. Diabetic mice + leaves extract of neem with doses 1,00 g/kg bw, G. Diabetic mice + seeds extract of neem with doses 0,25 g/kg bw, H. Diabetic mice + seeds extract of neem with doses 0,50 g/kg bw, I. Diabetic mice + seeds extract of neem with doses 1,00 g/kg bw. All of treatments were given orally for 21 days. Glucose levels were calculated from the 1st week to 11th week and body weights were calculated from the 1st week to 7th week. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD tests to compare groups A-I. Result : the research showed that the ethanol extract of leaves at a dose of 1,00 g/kg bw decreased glucose level of alloxan mice. There were highly significant differences (P<0,05) between group control and treatment. Based on the data analysis of body weight, there was no significant difference between group control and treatment. Conclusion : Ethanol extract of leaves and seeds extract of neem can be used to treat antihyperglycemia on mice induced alloxan. Keywords: antihyperglycemia, leaves and seeds, neem, ethanolic, mice PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elsa Lisanti)

157	Biology	ABS-581
Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Leaves Benn as Aphrodisiac on Male Mice Mounting Behavior Sri Rahayu, Atin Supiyani Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn is one of the medicinal plants that grows in the highland forests of Bali. This plant is believed by the community as a powerful aphrodisiac. The study was begun with the collection of Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Leaf samples which will be extracted by maceration method. Three types of solvents were used in maceration namely aquades, 70% ethanol, and chloroform. Phytochemical screening includes testing of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of crude extract of Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) leaves as aphrodisiac on the mounting behavior of male mice. The test parameters in this study are phytochemical screening and mounting behavior which consists of introducing, climbing, and coitus. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatment groups and eight replications for eight days. The data obtained was analyzed through t test. Phytochemical screening results showed that 70% ethanol has the best ability to bind secondary metabolites in leaf samples, so that the extract with this solvent was tested in vivo on male mice. Based on observations on mounting behavior, it was shown that the crude extract of Euchresta horsfieldii leaves had no effect on the increase in frequency of mounting behavior of male mice in both the acute and chronic phases Keywords: Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn, aphrodisiac, mounting behavior, male mice PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Rahayu)

158	Biology	ABS-838
Characteristics of Obesity in Children Aged 9-12 Years in Elementary Schools in West Denpasar I Nengah Adhi Irwan, A.A.A. Lila Paramasatiari Universitas Warmadewa Abstract Obesity is a pathological state as due to exceed to consumption of food according the recommended daily food. The effect of the big consumption of food is the incident of obesity in children. The other factor of obesity are less physical activity, genetic factor, and fast food consumption. In Indonesia obtained that the problem of overweight and obesity in children aged 5 to 12 consecutive years of 10.8% and 8.8%, is close to the estimated world figure in 2020. The highest prevalence incidence of obesity in Bali Province is in Badung regency followed by Denpasar and the lowest is in Karangasem regency. The aim of this study was to find out the characteristics of obesity in children aged range 9-12 years in West Denpasar. The research method was cross sectional approach which was carried out among elementary school children in West Denpasar. The characteristics was observed concist of gender, physical activity pattern, and diet. The result were showed as follow the most common obesity in the study was found in male children (57%). The highest percentage (53%) of obesity was at 11 years old which among children who often eat fast food. Obesity was found most often (53%) in children who often eat fast food, followed by children who rarely eat fast food (37%), and at least (10%) in children who never eat fast food. The obesity children who do light activity were 61%, moderate activity were 23 %, and heavy activity were 16% respectively. It was concluded that the highest obesity percentage was due to light physical activity was often eat fast food. Keywords: children aged range 9-12 years, child characteristics, obesity PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mirsa Umiyati)

159	Biology	ABS-327
CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS OF HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE CHARACTERS IN POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) Jajang Supriatna (a*); Ani Nuraeni (a); Resti Fajarfika (a), Juniarti P. Sahat (b) a) Study Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Garut, Jl. Raya Samarang No.52A, Garut, Indonesia *jajangsupriatna[at]uniga.ac.id b) Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Jl. Tangkuban Parahu No. 517, Lembang, Indonesia Abstract Morphophysiological characters associated with yield in warm climate area can be used to determine heat stress tolerance characters. Simple correlation and path analysis were used to ascertain the relationship between morphophysiological characters and yield, and to estimate direct effects as well as indirect effects on them. Nine potato cultivars were evaluated in Garut, Indonesia which is situated at an altitude of 732 meters above sea level with an average temperature of 28oC. Randomized Block Design was used in this experiment and it was performed in triplicate. As the result, simple correlation indicated that plant height, leaf number, leaf size, stomata density, dry weight, tuber number, and tuber diameter showed positive significant relationship with yield, whereas chlorophyll content showed negative significant relationship with yield. Futhermore, path analysis indicated that leaf number had the highest positive direct effect on yield followed by plant height, and leaf size, whilst stomata density and dry weight had positive indirect effect on yield through tuber number. In conclusion, leaf number, plant height, and leaf size are the primary character, whereas stomata density and dry weight are the secondary character for selection the heat stress tolerance characters in order to develop high-yield potato cultivars in warm climate area. Keywords: Correlation; Path Analysis; Heat Stress Tolerance; Potato PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jajang Supriatna)

160	Biology	ABS-839
The Relationship between Sleep Duration and Concentration Level in Elementary School Students in Denpasar in 2017 Luh Ayu Putri Lestari, A.A.A. Lila Paramasatiari Universitas Warmadewa Abstract Abstract Relationship between Sleep Duration with Concentration Level on Elementary School Students in Denpasar on 2017 Sleep is a basic need that everyone needs. The adequate sleep is needed for the body for function normally and sleep deprivation effects of the concentration levels that associated with academic achievement. Until now in Indonesia is still rarely conducted research on sleep relationship with the level of concentration among students. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between sleep duration and concentration level in Elementary School students in Denpasar and was conducted on 96 students. The method of this study was cross sectional which was analysed. The data were analysed using Program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS) 22. The results were showed as follows the low, medium and high concentration level were 27,1%; 46,9%;26% respectively. The less and enough sleep duration were 67,7%; 32,3% respectively. The conclusion can be drawn that there was a positive and significant relationship between sleep duration and concentration level on Elementary School students in Denpasar. Keywords: sleep duration, concentration level, elementary school students PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mirsa Umiyati)

161	Biology	ABS-328
Analysis of Factors That Affecting Student Learning Difficulties Towards Physiology Anatomy Lesson at SMK Negeri 3 Tangerang (Case Study Class X of Cosmetology at SMK 3 Tangerang). ETI HERAWATI and DIAH AYU HAPSARI PURNOMO. Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract This study aims to determine factors that cause learning difficulties to anatomy and physiology subjects lesson by class X student cosmetology Programs at SMK Negeri 3 Tangerang in Academic Year 2016 with a survey method. The populations were 64 people from class X students and Data collection tool used is questionnaires. The trial questionnaires carried out by 25 class XI cosmetology respondents. Instrument analysis carried out on validity and reliability, with 40 statement items and reliability result r11 = 0.954. The results of this study showed that the factors affecting students difficulties mainly on internal factors that are motivational factors indicators with sub student 88% learning persistence factor and independent learning factor equal to 94%. While external factors are indicators of teacher attention factor, with teachers sub-factor appreciation to students difficulties by 84%, and the factor of teachers involvement in students activities is equal to 91%, showing that any increase in the value of a teacher attention every 101,286 can cause an 879 increase with learning difficulties showed the 6.1% test effect, coefficient determination while the remaining 93.9% is influenced by other factors. Keywords: Factors of Learning Difficulties, Physiology Anatomy PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eti Herawati)

162	Biology	ABS-584
FLAVONOID OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT PLANTS IN TAMAN WISATA ALAM PANGANDARAN Sri Rahayu, Novita Tania Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract . Flavonoids can be found in every organ of plants and has a role as natural antioxidant. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of maceration and drying time to the level and the type of flavonoids from some leaves of plants located in Taman Wisata Alam Pangandaran. This research used CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 2 factorial design. The first factor was soaking time of the plant extract in ethanol 96% for 24 hours and 48 hours, the second was drying time for 14 and 21 days. Sample used were Bungur (Largerstoremia speciosa L.), Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.), dan Vitex (Vitex pubescens Vahl.) leaves. Qualitative parameter was determined from the change of color of the solution used the reagent, as well quantitatively by spectrophotometer of 415nm. Flavonoid type was then analyzed using spectrophotometer at 250-560nm. Quantitative analysist of 2 ways ANOVA showed that all groups were shown significance influence of maceration and drying with optimum flavonoid level varying from one to another. Flavonid type was also ranging from antocyanidin and antocyanin. Keywords: Drying, Maceration, Flavonoids, Antioxidant, Plant PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Rahayu)

163	Biology	ABS-840
Relationship between breakfast and concentration level in elementary school students in Denpasar in 2017 I Komang Medy Wedhangga, A.A.A. Lila Paramasatiari Universitas Warmadewa Abstract Abstract [The Correlation between Breakfast with Level of Concentration in Elementary School’s Pupils in Denpasar City 2017] Breakfast is a meal in the morning, shortly after waking up to 10 (ten) AM. This activity has a purpose to fulfill the body nutrition in the morning before starting the activity. Breakfast is considered important for a pupils which sometimes has a very solid activity in school. In addition, in the academic process pupils need to be in a healthy body condition and have good attention and concentration to catch all the lessons in school. The aim of this research was to find out the correlation between breakfast with the level of concentration in elementary school’s pupils in Denpasar City 2017. The research design was descriptive analytical through cross-sectional approach which was analyzed using Chi-Square statistical test by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows 16.0 (SPSS) program. The research data was primary data gathered with questionnaire form. The amount of the subjects were 96 persons which was selected using multistage cluster random sampling method to an elementary school’s pupils in Denpasar City. The percentage of non-breakfast subject was 35 persons (36,5%) and the breakfast subject was 61 persons (63,5%). The percentages of Concentrations level of breakfast pupils were divided in three categories which were Low (11,48%), Medium (65,57%) and High (22,95%). The result was showed that there was a significant relationship (p<0,05) between breakfast with the level of concentration. The conclusions could be drawn that there was a positive mild relationship between the two variables. It was recommended that this research can contribute as a source of information and evaluation for the development of science in the future. Keywords: Concentration, Breakfast, Pupils, Elementary School, Denpasar PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mirsa Umiyati)

164	Biology	ABS-842
The Relationship between Giving Exclusive Breastfeeding with Nutritional Status in Children Aged 718 Months in the Work Area of Pupuan I Health Center I Gusti Putu Wahyu Eka Nugraha, Putu Sutisna Universitas Warmadewa Abstract Malnutrition in children is very difficult to overcome and some cases of malnutrition have caused death in children. Malnutrition prevalence in children under five in Bali is still high (13%). Nutrition condition in children is affected by several factors, one of which is exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status of children aged 7 - 18 months in Puskesmas Pupuan I, Bali. This study used cross sectional analytic design, and the variables studied were exclusive breastfeeding status and nutritional status, with a total sample of 140 mothers, selected by simple random sampling technique. Data of exclusive breastfeeding were acquired directly using a questionnaire and the nutrition status was measured using secondary data from Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) which then was converted into anthropometry table. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis with chi square test (α = 0,05) and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test, with confounding variables included in the analysis. The study results showed that 50% of 718 month-old children received exclusive breast feeding, 17,9% were malnutritioned, and the 82,1% of children had good nutrition. The multivariate analysis showed, exclusive breastfeeding had the strongest influence on the nutritional status of children aged 7-18 months (p = 0.030; OR = 3,005), compared with calories intake (p = 0,035; OR = 2,967) and protein intake (p =0,035; OR = 2,896). It is recommended that mother should be encouraged to give exclusive breastfeeding, to prevent malnutrition in children. Keywords: nutrition status, exclusive breast feeding, anthropometry, KMS. PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mirsa Umiyati)

165	Biology	ABS-588
The Diversity of Fauna in the Mangrove Community: Success Replanting of Mangroves Species in South Coastal East Lombok, Indonesaia Agil Al Idrus12), Abdul Syukur*12), Lalu Zulkifli12), *1 Postgraduate Program and Department of Sciences Education, 2 Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mataram University, Indonesia; Jalan Majapahit No 56 Mataram Nusa Tenggra Barat; Phone: +62 370 623873 *12Corresponding author: Abdul Syukur - Email: syukurbiologi[at].unram.ac.id. Abstract Mangrove is a plant species that grow in a unique environment and serve as breeding, spawning, hatching, and nursery grounds for many marine species. However, the damage of mangrove has a negative impact on the diversity of fauna associated. This study aims to prove and evaluate mangrove replanting of fauna diversity on the South Coast of East Lombok.. Data collection were done through observation, surveys and quadrant methods The data were further analyzed to detemine Diversity Index (H) and Dominance Index (D). The analysis showed that the mangrove in Jor Bay has the highest index value of fauna diversity, is 2.762 and the lowest is Lungkak that is 2.146. The mangrove other locations such as Tanjung Luar have a value of fauna diversity index of 2,567, Kedome 2, 361 and Ekas Bay 2,457. However, the index value is highest dominance Ekas bay of 0.176 and the lowest was 0.097 Kedome. The conclusion of this study is that mangrove planting has been successful in increasing the diversity of fauna associated with mangroves on the south coast of East Lombok. Therefore, efforts to maintain the results of mangrove revegetation are a very important part of mangrove conservation. Keywords: Replanting of Mangrove, Diversity of fauna and Maintenance of mangrove PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Syukur)

166	Biology	ABS-81
MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION ON DOSAGE FORM OF NON-STERILE SEMI-SOLID EXTEMPORANEOUS COMPOUNDING IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS Indri Hapsari (a*,c), Marchaban (b), Chairun Wiedyaningsih (b), Susi Ari Kristina (b) a) Doctoral Student, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia *indrihapsari_ump10[at]yahoo.co.id b) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia c) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia Abstract Ideally the compounding drug is made from pure active substances but in reality the prescribed drug as an extemporaneous compounding is in a form of factory finished drug dosage form, which should be intended for adult then formulated and adjusted to the conditions of patients. The Food Drug Administration (FDA) is aware of quality problems of drugs prescribed; one of the problems is contamination. This study aims to determine the microbial contamination in the dosage of non-sterile semi-solid extemporaneous compounding prescribed in primary health care centers. This study was an experimental observation conducted on primary health care centers by taking the prescriptions of semi-solid dosage forms used as samples. Hydrocortison and Gentamycin by microbial testing used selective media for 5 pathogenic microbes, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by comparing the results of the study with the requirements contained in United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Based on USP requirements, there were three semi-solid non-sterile dosage forms of extemporaneous compounding from primary health care centers A, B and D that have not meet the requirements because from the microbial test results it was found bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: microbial contamination, non-sterile, semi-solid, extemporaneous compounding, primary health care center PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indri Hapsari)

167	Biology	ABS-593
Role of Trichoderma sp as Biological Agents at Growth Three Garlic Varieties (Allium sativum) Yani Suryani, Opik Taupiqurrohman, Belinda Noviani Bustomi Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Abstract Recently, the national garlic productivity is very low because of pathogens, especially fungi. Efforts can be made to increase the productivity of garlic through the reduction and prevention of pathogenic attacks by using biological control agents. Microorganisms are one of the best biological agents. One type of microorganism is Trichoderma sp. This research was conducted at the Plant and Vegetable Research Institute (BALITSA) Bandung. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with the type of treatment of garlic varieties. The varieties consist of varieties 1, 2 and 3. The parameters of the observations carried out in this study were the growth rate of garlic which included garlic height, root length and tuber garlic weight. Trichoderma sp. the optimal role is to increase the high rate of garlic plants by 0.8%, increase root length by 9 - 23%, and increase the weight of tuber weight by 21 - 51%. Keywords: Trichoderma, Garlic, Biological Agent PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yani Suryani)

168	Biology	ABS-849
The level of knowledge and behavior of mothers in the handling of early diarrhea in infants in Tegallalang District, Gianyar Regency A A Sagung Istri Agung Previyanti Kisnaningdiyah, I Gusti Rai Tirta Universitas Warmadewa Abstract Abstract Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases affecting children around the world. According to the Health Service Data of Gianyar Regency, there are 214 diarrhea morbidities per 1000 population with the most diarrhea cases found in Tegalalang District. The role of mothers in giving treatment of diarrhea is important so that children do not fall into worse conditions. Mothers knowledge and behavior is one of the crucial determinants in giving treatment to children suffering from diarrhea. Mothers should know what steps to do first when the child has diarrhea in order to prevent the occurrence of dehydration. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and behavior of mothers in the early treatment of diarrhea in Tegalalang District Gianyar regency. This research is a descriptive research by using questionnaire instrument which previously has been validated. The samples of this research are mothers who have children suffered from diarrhea six months prior to the research; the number of respondents is 37 which are determined by consecutive sampling. The data were analyzed using univariat analysis test. The results show that mothers with good knowledge level are 22 respondents (59.5%), mother behaviour with enough knowledge in giving treatment are 18 respondents (48.6%), and those who are still lack in providing zinc and how to give good nutrition. The conclusions of this study indicate that mothers with good level knowledge and mothers behavior with enough knowledge and those are still lack of knowledge in some early treatment of diarrhea on children in Tegalalang Gianyar in 2017. Based on this research, the researcher suggests to the related parties specifically to the Puskesmas (Primary Health Care) to conduct counseling on how to give initial treatment of Diarrhea, which can be done at home continuously and sustainably Keywords: Diarrhea, children, early treatment of diarrhea on children, mothers behaviour, mothers level of knowledge PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mirsa Umiyati)

169	Biology	ABS-853
The effects of compost and biochar on the growth and yield of red chili plants Hortencio Domingos Dos Reis Amaral (a), Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang (a*), Made Suarta (a) a) Agriculture Faculty, Warmadewa University. Jl. Terompong 24 Tanjung Bungkak, Denpasar-Bali, 80235, Indonesia *ypsitumeang63[at]gmail.com Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of compost and biochar and their interactions on the growth and yield of red chili plants. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with a factorial pattern, which consisted of two factors: compost (0, 10, 20, and 30 tons ha-1) and the type of biochar (bamboo and coconut shell). The results showed that the interaction between compost and biochar did not have a significant effect on all observed variables. The dosage of compost has significant effect on fruit length, fresh fruit weight, and fresh weight of roots. The biochar treatment has no significant effect on all observed variables except for the number of fruits that have a significant effect. The treatment at different dosage levels was not significant, but the compost dose of 30 tons ha-1 tended to produce the highest fresh fruit weight 185.35 g which increased by 20.94% compared to the lowest yield without compost 153.26 g. The treatment of this type of biochar only had a significant effect on the number of chili fruit, namely coconut shell biochar which gave the highest value of 17.17 chilies and was significantly different from bamboo-based biochar which produced 15.00 chilies. Keywords: compost, biochar, red chili PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang)

170	Biology	ABS-598
Antibiotic resistance pattern among clinically relevant bacterial isolates in the General Hospital Sanjiwani Gianyar Bali: A retrospective study Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat (a*), Sri Masyeni (a), Made Sila Darmana (a,b) a. Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa,Jln Terompong 24,Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia 80235. * anak.indraningrat[at]gmail.com b. General Hospital Sanjiwani, Gianyar-Bali, Indonesia Abstract Antibiotic resistance is currently an emerging global threat that is triggered by misused and overused of antibiotics, which led to higher mortality and morbidity rate. Information of antibiotic resistance iscrucial to determine the ideal treatment for patients. Since these data is rather scarce in Bali, we performed antibiotic susceptibility profile of different clinical bacterial isolates in the General Hospital Sanjiwani Gianyar Bali based on retrospective data in 2018. The data included type of tested antibiotics, name of clinical bacterial isolates, sex of patient and antibiotic resistance profile. Among 65 clinical bacterial isolates, high diversity of bacterial pathogen was found and grouped into 22 species, which Escherichia coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the three predominant isolates identified. Exposure against 28 different antibiotics showed majority of bacterial isolates were resistant against baxtrim, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, but susceptibility towards meropenem, amikacin and cefoperazone-sulbactam were observed. Routine surveillance to determine antibiotic resistance profile are of important and recommended to generate a local antibiogram as guideline to overcome pathogenic infections. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, susceptibility, clinical bacteria PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat)

171	Biology	ABS-344
The Effect of Concentration of Cermai Fruit (Phyllanthus Acidus) Extract on FH (FRIESH HOLLAND) Cattle Milk Clumping in Cheese Making L S Mulyani, C Ardiana, N Kurniasih, D Hernawati, A Rohayat Biology Department, Institut Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract Abstract Cheese is commonly derived from cows milk by separating whey and curds through a fermentation process, involving both aerobic and anaerobic microbial activities. Cheese making is done through a process called milk coagulation with the help of rennet. However, rennet is not easily obtained and rather expensive. Fortunately, rennet can be substituted by cermai fruit extract in this milk coagulation process. The present study aims at determining the concentration of cermai fruit extract thatcan optimally speed up the clumping process of FH cattle milk in cheese making. The extracts were obtained through smooth blending, filtering, and squeezing. Five experiments were conducted using extracts with different concentrations: 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%. The results show that 90% is the most optimum concentration of cermai fruit to help the coagulation process in cheese making. The milk coagulated in the average time of 5.4 minutes. To conclude, cermai fruit extract could determine the milk coagulation process time period and can be used as a substitute for rennet Keywords: concentration, cermai fruit extract, cows milk. PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (leni sri mulyani)

172	Biology	ABS-602
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Taeniasis In Bali, Indonesia Ni Wayan Winianti (a*), Anak Agung Ayu Lila Paramasatiari (a), Putu Sutisna (a), Dewa Putu Widjana (a), I Nengah Kapti (a) a) Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Warmadewa University, Bali, Indonesia Jl. Terompong No.24 Tanjung bungkak, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 80235 winiantiniwayan84[at]gmail.com Abstract Taeniasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by eating raw/undercooked beef or pork (Taenia sp.) containing infective cysticercus larvae. Humans can become infected with these tapeworms by eating raw or undercooked beef (T. saginata) or pork (T. solium and T. asiatica). In rural areas of Gianyar including Guwang village, pork or beef"lawar"and roasted pig are consumed as local traditional food since long time ago as part of indegenous Balinese culture. The existence of individual slaughtering of pigs in Guwang village for ceremonies or parties without supervision from the animal health department is thought to increase the risk of taeniasis. Purpose of the study was to known prevalence of taeniasis in Banjar Buluh, Guwang Village and determine risk factors or the relationship between meat consumption and individual characteristics with taeniasis. Observational cross sectional study was used to identify taeniasis and risk factors in people living at Buluh, Guwang village consisted of 110 people. Two subjects from the group were positive for taenia egg both by direct smear methods. Proportion of taeniasis in the case group was 1.8%. The type of meat consumed, methods of meat processing, frequency of consumption, ways of obtaining meat and individual characteristics which may contribute to Taenia infection could not be evaluated due to limited number of positive cases. Keywords: Taeniasis, Direct Smear Method, Taenia sp. PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ni wayan winianti)

173	Biology	ABS-860
THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL DENSITY ENCLOSURE TO THE QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT Ni Ketut Mardewi, Ni Ketut Sri Rukmini, I Gusti Ayu Dewi Seri Rejeki Animal Husbandry Departement, Faculty Of Agriculture Warmadewa University Abstract One of the maintenance management on broiler chickens is setting the density number of hens in the cage (cage density). Cage density effect on the comfort of the enclosure in the tropics, temperatures and high humidity can be a major cause of stress in chickens. The space of the cage with a level of density that does not negatively affect the performance of appropriate production and meat quality. This research aims to identify the density of the enclosure temperature and moisture origin as well as its influence on the quality of the meat. A complete Random design are used on research with 3 (three) treatment namely 8, 10 and 12 tail density per m2 of space enclosure. Each treatment was repeated 3 (three times). The results showed the difference in density of cage on maintenance of chicken broiler until the age of 5 weeks, no influence on the quality of the meat. Be advised, with a density of broiler chicken research 12 tails per m2 can be done without affecting the quality of the meat and can save space enclosure used. Keywords: Broiler Chickens, Meat Quality, Cage Density PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ni Ketut Mardewi)

174	Biology	ABS-613
The Correlation Between Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio and The Stage of Renal Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bali Asri Lestarini (a*), AA Sri Agung Aryastuti (a), Ni Putu Diah Witari(a), I Wayan Sutarka (b), I Made Agus Sastrawan (b), Ni Wayan Sri Wardani (c), I Wayan Eka Saputra (c), Pramudji Hastuti (d), Ahmad Hamim Sadewa (d) (a) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University Jalan Terompong no 24 Denpasar, 80235, Indonesia *asrilestarini[at]gmail.com (b) Tabanan Hospital, Bali, Indonesia (c) Sanjiwani Hospital, Bali, Indonesia (d) Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Abstract Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications caused by metabolic disease which could lead to renal failure. A marker that can potentially be used for early detection of diabetic nephropathy is urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR). This study aimed to measure correlation between uACR and the stage of renal failure. Crosssectional study was conducted in March until August 2018. Participants were clinically examined, and blood and urine were taken. the stages of renal failure was determined by estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Data was statistically analyzed by One way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Of 107 participants, 79 participants were eligible for inclusion in data analysis. The participants were grouped into 5 stages of renal failure. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratios in stage 1,2,3,4,5 were 204.9, 125.9, 474.9, 604.7 and 2895.6 respectively. Posthoc analysis showed significant differences in uACR between stage 5 and stage 1,2,3 respectively (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found in uACR with SC (r 0.354, p 0.001), BUN (r 0.244, p 0.032) and eGFR (r -0.345, p 0.02) respectively. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio had positive correlation with serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, while had a negative correlation with estimated glomerullar filtration rate Keywords: renal failure, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Asri Lestarini)

175	Biology	ABS-358
Betung Bamboo Shoot (Dendrocalamus asper Backer ex Heyne) Extracts: Accelerating the Growth of Java Apple (Syzygium samarangense) Stem Cuttings S Mulyaningsih, D Sumiati, H Hernawan, Robbiyani, Sriwahyuningsih Institut Pendidikan Indonesia Garut Abstract ABSTRACT. The pruning waste of Java apple (Syzygium samarangense) tree branch can be used for its propagation by stem cuttings. The rooting process can be accelerated with the help of growth regulators, one of which is betung bamboo shoot extract. Using a randomized block design, this experiment aims at examining the effect of betung bamboo shoot extract with concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% on the growth of Java apple stem cuttings. The samples were 48 stem cuttings with a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 15 cm. The results showed that betung bamboo extracts could accelerate the propagation process. The optimum concentration was 50%. Keywords: Keyword: Java apple stem cutting, betung bamboo shoot extract, propagation acceleration. PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Mulyaningsih)

176	Biology	ABS-870
Reading Literacy on Biology: Measuring and Developing through Cooperative Learning Rizhal Hendi Ristanto (a*); Ericka Darmawan (b); Ahmad Muhlisin a) Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia *rizhalhendi[at]unj.ac.id b) Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Tidar, Indonesia c) Department of Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Tidar, Indonesia Abstract Reading literacy is concerned not only with the ability to understand the meaning of a passage, but also with the behaviors and attitudes that support reading. Biology learning process can not be separated by reading activities. This study aims to determine the effect of Cooperative integrated reading and Composition (CIRC) to reading literacyof students in the context of biology. The research method used is quasy experiment using pretest-postest non equivalent control group design. Independent variable is a learning model, which consists of 2 types of learning model CIRC and conventional learning. The study was conducted in Grade VIII MTS Al-Hidayah Citaringgul, Bogor involving a sample of 66 students. The dependent variable in this study is literacy reading in the context of biology, that is on the material of plant structure and its utilization in technology. The reading literacy instrument was developed by adapting from PISA. The results showed that CIRC had an effect on the literacy of reading students in biological context as evidenced by the result of sig. 0.002 <0.005. CIRC proved to be superior compared to conventional learning in plant structure learning and its utilization on technology with a 2% increase in the increase. CIRC learning can be applied to Biology learning in empowering students reading literacy Keywords: Biology; Cooperative learning; CIRC; Reading Literacy PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizhal Hendi Ristanto)

177	Biology	ABS-871
The effect of salinity on fecundity and shrimp larvae produce (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) I Made Kawan (a*), I Wayan Arya (a), Dewa Nyoman Sadguna (a) a) Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali *E-mail: imadekawan[at]yahoo.co.id Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of salinity which can produce the most fecundity and number of shrimp larvae (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man). The experiment was designed using 24 units of randomized block design (RBD) using 20-30 g (I) and 40-60 g (II) heavy parent shrimp, with differences in salinity 0 Promil (0/00), 3 Promil (0 / 00), 5 Promil (0/00), and 7 Promil (0/00) which were repeated 3 times. The results showed that differences in salinity of the parent weight group (20-30 g and 40-50 g) had a very significant effect on fecundity and the number of larvae produced. The highest fecundity and production of shrimp larvae were obtained at salinity 5 Promil (0/00) in the parent weight group 40-60 g. Keywords: Salinity, fecundity, shrimp larvae PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I Made Kawan)

178	Biology	ABS-360
Somatotropin Injection into Puberty Rats: Dosage and Effects on Bone Growth H Hernawan, D B I Taofik, D Hernawati, S Mulyaningsih, and L S Mulyani Institut Pendidikan Indonesia Jl. Pahlawan no 32 Sukagalih Garut 44151, Indonesia Abstract The growth of animals can be determined by various hormones, one of which is somatotropin. Somatotropin has remarkable effects on the tissue growth. This study aims at examining the effects of somatotropin on male rate growth performance. The samples were one hundred and sixty two 2-week old Sprague-Dawley male rats. Data analysis was performed using two-factor nested designs. The first factor was dosage consisting of 3 levels (0, 3, and 9 mg/kg bw/day). The second factor was the injection period consisting of 3 injection periods (day 1 to day 14, day 1 to day 28, and day 15 to day 28). The results showed that during day 1 to day 28 of the injection period, somatotropin improved bone length and bone composition and that no further growth after day 28. This may imply that somatotropin could improve the growth of male rats. Keywords: somatotropin, bone growth, dosage, injection period PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hudiana Hernawan)

179	Biology	ABS-875
Isolation and Screening of Amylolytic Yeast from Paphiopedilum sp., Bedugul Botanical Garden, Bali, Indonesia Aditya Risandi1, Rifqi Fuady1, Dalia Sukmawati1,2* Hesham El Enshasy3,4 1,2) Biology Department, 9th Floor Hasyim Ashari Building, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia 2) Universitas Negeri Jakarta Culture Collection, 9th Floor Hasyim Ashari Building, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia 3) Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81130 UTM, Skudai, Malaysia 4) Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Abstract Amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1) are the enzyme that can catalyse the hydrolysis of starch into simple monomers. Amylase enzymes are widely needed for use in various industrial fields such as the textile, food, paper and other industries. Yeast can produce enzymes more effectively and safer than other organisms. Amylolytic yeast can be isolated from flower substrates because it contains sugar for yeast nutritional needs. This study aims to isolate, select and characterize amylolytic yeast on the substrate of Paphiopedilum sp. from Bedugul Botanical Garden, Bali. Yeast isolation was carried out with direct and washing method. Screening was carried out on YPSA medium with diffusion agar method. The result of isolation obtained 19 isolates of yeast with characteristics of 73.9% white-mucoid, 21.05% cream-mucoid and 5.26% light flesh-mucoid. Screening results showed that 10 isolates were able to produce an amylase enzyme with code isolates P1, P4, P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15 and P19. The potential yeast isolates in yielding amylase with P12 isolate codes had amylolytic index 0,45 mm. Keywords: Amylase, Phapiopedillum sp., Yeast PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aditya Risandi)

180	Biology	ABS-876
Quality of crispy baby fish (oreochromis niloticus) with use of different flours I Nyoman Wisnu Suantara Putra (a), Ni Made Darmadi (a*), I Made Kawan (a), Dewa Gede Semara Edi (a) a) Water Resources Management Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali *Email: nimadedarmadi[at]gmail.com Abstract The group size of seeds below the size of 7 cm which is 20% is not feasible for enlargement, because it tends to harm farmers who are engaged in hatcheries and cultivators, so this type of seed is not utilized optimally. To be able to increase the economic value of seeds less than 7 cm in size, researchers are innovating to make crispy baby fish. In making Crispy Baby fish requires additional ingredients in the form of flour. This study aims to determine the different types of flour that produce the best quality crispy baby fish. The study was conducted in March to April at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University and the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University. The method used is an experiment with experimental design using a completely randomized design. The results showed the best results in treatment D were the use of three flour mixes namely sago flour, rice and cornstarch, with 30.97% fat content, 49.08% protein content, 17.02% moisture content and ash content 9.80%. Whereas from the observation of the subjective color 9.43%, the smell of 9.40%, the texture of 9.13%, the sense of 9.29% with the criteria is very very favored by the panelists. Keywords: crispy baby fish, tilapia, quality PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ni Made Darmadi)

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